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THE MODERN AGE IN ARMS

Kelly Jane Torrance and I are discussing Evelyn Waugh’s Sword of Honour. She is reading it for the first time; I have read it several times. We begin with the first volume of the trilogy, Men at Arms.


Dear Kelly:

You tell me you do not read much literature of the 20th century. I wonder if for you, born in 1976, Evelyn Waugh is in Merchant-Ivory territory. When Waugh was born in 1903, Edward VII was King. When he died in 1966, Harold Wilson was Prime Minister; two world wars and their attendant revolutions had swept away the world Waugh had known.

These revolutions have continued apace. When Waugh died, I was 10 years old, and to me the world of 1966 sometimes appears as remote as Georgian England. Winston Churchill, a figure who appears offstage in Sword of Honour, had died a year earlier. Peter Hitchens commences his remarkable book The Abolition of Britain by contrasting the funerals of Churchill and the Princess of Wales:

Had Winston Churchill’s cortège rolled through the London of 1997, it would have been met by puzzlement and even indifference by millions who were almost completely ignorant of his life and his era. If, by some magic process, the British people of 1965 had been shown the events surrounding the Princess’s death, they would have been shocked and—in many cases—actually disgusted. There is no clearer measure of the change which has overtaken the culture of this country in a matter of thirty-five years, the sort of change which in past times might have come about over a matter of centuries.

Imagine for a moment that a young woman, tearfully placing flowers against the gates of Kensington Palace in the autumn of 1997, had been plucked out of her time and allowed to wander at will through the London of thirty-two years before. Imagine how much would amaze her and how little she would find that was well known to her by sight, sound, taste or smell. Joining the shuffling line of mourners waiting to file past Churchill’s coffin in Westminster Hall, she would have been astonished by how strongly men outnumbered women and by the dowdy and conservative fashions they wore. She would be surprised to see so many overcoats and hats and headscarves, so many carefully polished and much-mended leather shoes, so many tightly tied ties on the men, so many schoolboys wearing shorts and caps. Overhearing their conversation, she would notice the absence of swear-words; the edgy, plummy accents of the middle-class and the earthy tongue of the working-class Londoner, much richer, slower and gamier than the thin Estuary English of her own time…

Hitchens goes on to enumerate the myriad other differences that would have astonished the time-traveller of 1997. They would not have astonished Evelyn Waugh. The Cult of Youth, Feminism, the Sexual Revolution, the Therapeutic State and the Classless Society had triumphed well before the 1960s. It is arguable that the changes he lived through, social as well as technological, were more profound than those Hitchens enumerates.

The upheavals of the 1960s and beyond were only the outward manifestations of intellectual battles fought decades earlier. They were the result of a change in the habit of mind. Hitchens argues:

Few people under the age of fifty now possess what could be described as a Conservative imagination. Their attitude towards sexuality, drugs, manners, dress, food, swearwords, music and religion has little or nothing in common with the traditional idea of Conservative behaviour.

Did Waugh possess the "Conservative imagination"? Not I think in Hitchens’s sense. Here is the famous passage from the beginning of Men at Arms describing Guy Crouchback’s reaction to the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of 1939, which allied Nazi Germany to Soviet Russia and doomed Poland and France:

News that shook the politicians and young poets of a dozen capital cities brought deep peace to one English heart. Eight years of shame and loneliness were ended…The German Nazis he knew to be mad and bad. Their participation dishonoured the cause of Spain, but the troubles of Bohemia, the year before, left him quite indifferent. When Prague fell, he knew that war was inevitable. He expected his country to go to war in a panic, for the wrong reasons or for no reason at all, with the wrong allies, in pitiful weakness. But now, splendidly, everything had become clear. The enemy at last was plain in view, huge and hateful, all disguise cast off. It was the Modern Age in arms.

What Waugh meant by the "Modern Age" was nothing less than the Reformation and the Enlightenment. A Catholic convert, he was a staunch member of what was called, pre-Vatican II, the Church Militant. Waugh regarded the evils of the Modern Age as the predictable consequences of its rejection of God. He had a great affection for the Ancien Regime, for the Church of England, the "Roast Beef of Old England," the world of Tickeridge and the Halberdiers, but ultimately rejected it as inadequate. While others saw England as a block of granite, Waugh recognized it as worm-ridden timber.

Not least spiritually. Here is another telling passage from Men at Arms. The speaker is Brigadier Ritchie-Hook, for whom "biffing" is all:

I remember once a sergeant of mine got his leg blown off. There was nothing to be done for the poor beggar. It had taken half his body with it. He was a goner all right but quite sensible, and there was a padre one side of him trying to make him pray and me the other side, and all he’d think about was football. Luckily I know the latest League results, and those I didn’t know, I made up. I told him his home team was doing fine, and he died smiling. If ever I see a padre getting above himself, I pull his leg about that. Of course it’s different with Catholics. Their priests hold on to them to the last. It’s a horrible sight to see them whispering at a dying man. They kill hundreds just with fright.

The genesis of this speech was a real incident that occurred during the First World War, described in Waugh’s biography of Monsignor Ronald Knox:

Maurice Child’s application [to become an Anglican military chaplain] was refused on the grounds, it was said, that in his interview with the Chaplain-General he was asked what he would do for a dying man and answered: "Hear his confession and give him absolution." The correct answer was: "Give him a cigarette and take any last message he may have for his family."

The Chaplain-General’s response appalled Knox and served to persuade him to abandon the Church of England for the Roman Church. Ritchie-Hook and the Chaplain-General were English in a way Knox and Waugh were not. To them, the purpose of life was obvious: to serve God and join him in Heaven. The Second World War is only incidental to the purpose of Sword of Honour: to demonstrate the effect of Providence on a single soul: Guy Crouchback’s.

All this is to say, Kelly, I wonder how your sceptical, Whig temperament reacts to Waugh’s adamantine Reaction. Waugh’s world is gone, and little of the Church he knew remains. Even among Catholics, Waugh’s worldview is considered obsolete at best, sinful at worst. To you, Guy Crouchback must seem as remote a figure as Roger of Waybroke, the Crusader Knight. Can Men at Arms be "relevant" to you, or is it a period piece in every sense?

[Kelly's response is here.]

Kevin Michael Grace, 11.18 a.m., March 31, 2003 [Link]
 

NOCHE TRISTE

I was speaking with Kathy Shaidle on Wednesday. "Things will get better," she assured me. I was grateful for her comfort, but I couldn’t help thinking, Is that an empirical observation?

On Thursday morning, my Internet service failed. Telus advised powering down my system and then powering up. I set my computer to hibernate and turned it off. Upon turning it on, I was greeted with a message suggesting I had a floppy disk in my A: drive. There was no such disk present there. Repeated reboots gave the same result. I rebooted again, this time with XP in my CD-ROM drive. I wasn’t even given the safe mode option.

I called Microsoft. After the technician determined that I could not even run FIXDSK or CHKDSK, he said my hard drive was likely corrupted. This was unfortunate news, as this was not the best time to be forced to buy a new hard drive. Still, I had another hard drive in the machine, and it was not corrupt, as far as I knew. I unplugged the tower and took it to the mall. I arranged the purchase of a new drive and instructed the store to copy my files from the bad, old drive to good, new one. I was told my computer would be ready at best Friday, at worst Saturday.

Friday afternoon saw me at the mall for another purpose, so I stopped by the computer store. My machine would not be ready until Saturday, the man said. Oh, and by the way, your C: drive is irretrievably damaged. Everything is gone? Everything.

Everything consisted of…the better part of a decade of my life:

All my stories, interviews and Report text files.

All my phone numbers, street and email addresses: over 5,000 contacts going back to 1992.

All programs for which I no longer had installation disks.

All my personal and professional correspondence: tens of thousands of email messages, Instant Messenger chats, photos and videos.

Before long, my eyes were swollen with weeping, and my eyelids were dim. I cried for sadder music and for stronger wine, but when the feast was finished and the lamps expired, then fell the shadow. I was sick and desolate of an old passion, yea, hungry for the lips of my desire.

The worst is not, so long as we can say, "This is the worst." This is the worst, but things can always get worse still. Dispossession, perhaps, or boils from the sole of my foot unto my crown. Comforter, where, where is your comforting?

Saturday morning found me hollow in body and spirit. That afternoon, I picked up my computer and took it home. It sat in my office for several hours; I couldn’t face the task of hooking it up and confirming the extent of my loss. I went to sleep instead.

On Saturday evening, I began the long haul of reinstallation and of attempting to remember settings established and forgotten years earlier.

Today, I managed to reconstruct my Web files from those posted on my ISP. And now I’m off to reread Sword of Honour.

Quantitative judgements don’t apply. I’ll try to remember that.

Kevin Michael Grace, 3.46 p.m., March 23, 2003 [Link]
 

HIS BARK, THEIR BITE

The bombs have begun falling on Baghdad, so Colonel Andrew Coyne of the National Post should be one happy little poodle.

Like many of the pundit class
He loves the sound of breaking glass

So why is he yapping like a dog who's lost his bone? Because Canada is not a member of the "coalition of the willing" and will miss out on all the fun of breaking plenty of glass (and skulls) in Iraq.

But why should Canada support Bush’s invasion? Has Iraq harmed Canada? Is it likely or even possible that Iraq could harm Canada? Has Iraq harmed one of our allies? Does Iraq threaten to overrun the Saudi oilfields, as was declared falsely in 1990? The Colonel makes no such claims. Here’s the best he can do:

The Americans…are in a battle, they believe, for their very survival, a desperate race to snuff out macroterrorism at its source, in its sponsor states, before it can strike again. They need to know who their real friends are, who they can rely on, who has something to offer.

A subtle polemicist indeed is our Col. Coyne. He does not claim that the Americans are in a battle for their very survival, only that they believe they are. But do they? More to the point, do Bush and his neocon cabal believe this? If so, they have done a piss-poor job of persuading others, even with the aid of out-of-date and faked documents. To judge by his most recent statements, the primary excuse for invasion is now Bush’s newfound and touching concern for the people of Iraq.*

But why does an alleged belief (cynical posture, more like) of the United States compel Canada to support invasion? According to Col. Coyne:

Already there is talk of removing troops from Germany, and that's just the start. It may be that, post-Iraq, the Americans will discard all such fixed alliances, in favour of more ad hoc "coalitions of the willing." Or if they do wish to cast these alliances in some more permanent form, it will be with states that are actually prepared to contribute something in return--or at the very least, will not desert them in a crisis. Hmmm. Now who does that leave out?

So Mr. Chretien's decision has the virtue of clarifying matters. In future, not only will Canada be defenceless, or nearly so, but also friendless, at least as far as military matters are concerned.

First of all, Canada has not "deserted" America in a crisis. Nor has it "stabb[ed its] best friend in the back." Jean Chretien’s lack of support for the "axis of evil" lie was made manifest as soon as it escaped from David Frum’s fevered mind. Second, the notion that America would ever leave Canada "defenceless" is preposterous. America will continue to defend Canada—not because it cares about Canada but because America cannot tolerate a military threat from the north.

Implicit in Col. Coyne’s warning is the assertion that Canada has been "Finlandized"—or, worse, is now a vassal state of the United States. Now it would be outrageous to even suggest that Col. Coyne and his fellow poodles at the National Post would welcome the American conquest of Canada, that they are quislings in waiting. But one wonders exactly what the Poodle Party is so afraid of. Abrogation of NAFTA and the Free Trade Agreement? Closure of the border? Bob Keyes, senior vice-president of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, told me in November 2001:

We need each other badly. Do we need them more than they need us? Yes. But we are the biggest trading partner of 38 of the 50 states.

Would the United States risk widespread economic dislocation, even a depression, to demonstrate its displeasure with Canada’s refusal to support the Pax Americana? Anything’s possible with George W. Bush in charge. But wouldn’t it be prudent for Canada to wait for the gun to be put to its head before surrendering its sovereignty? And what makes Col. Coyne so sure that sucking up to Uncle Sam would protect Canada anyway? Perhaps it has escaped Col. Coyne’s attention that George W. Bush is not a free trader. It certainly has not escaped our attention in British Columbia, where Bush’s softwood lumber tariff has pretty much finished off what remained of our forestry industry.

Tony Blair’s reward from Bush for risking his career in America’s interest was first a whacking tariff on European Union steel and then a kick in the goolies from Donald Rumsfeld. If that’s how America treats its friends… Not that any of this matters to Col. Coyne and the Poodle Party. Their motto: Their country, right or wrong.

* Notwithstanding the decade-old embargo and its attendant hundreds of thousands of victims. Notwithstanding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein was a CIA asset as far back as 1961 and the certainty that the Agency was instrumental in the coup that overthrew Abdel Karim Kassem in 1963. (It certainly approved, if nothing else, the Ba’ath coup of 1968.) Notwithstanding that for all the Bush’s administration crocodile tears over Saddam’s alleged use of "weapons of mass destruction,"

"In 1975…the United States Government knowingly helped Iraq obtain the technology to build its first chemical warfare plant" (Saïd K. Aburish, Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge).

Or that in 1984 Donald Rumsfeld engineered the resumption of diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Iraq, notwithstanding widespread reports (certainly believed by UN Ambassador Jeanne Kirkpatrick) that Iraq had employed mustard gas against Iran.

Or that the Reagan Administration backed Iraq’s "aggression" against Iran with military intelligence and millions in loans and credits.

Once again, it is dangerous to be America’s enemy but more dangerous still to have been a friend.

Kevin Michael Grace, 1.25 a.m., March 20, 2003 [Link]
 

OBLOMOV RISES

The surprise (and surprising) collaborator I mentioned earlier is none other than the reclusive and mysterious Kelly Jane Torrance. Silent since Valentine's Day, Miss Torrance will soon join me in a discussion of Evelyn Waugh's Sword of Honour trilogy. This will be, I hope, the first of many such joint ventures.

Kevin Michael Grace, 1.29 p.m., March 18, 2003 [Link]
 

‘LOYAL’ OPPOSITION

In the week that marks the first anniversary of Stephen Harper’s election as leader of the Canadian Alliance, it is time to admit that those of us that criticized him for his "disappearing act" were mistaken. Surely it would be best if this impudent twerp were kept in a secure location, his mouth fastened securely with duct tape.

CTV News reports:

Harper said the government's decision to send troops to Afghanistan while failing to support the U.S. position on Iraq is sending mixed signals to Canada's allies.

"I think what we're going to see is a very different world in terms of security," Harper told reporters. "Canada has distanced itself from our historical allies and is really nowhere on the map.

"It is very likely that the U.S., Great Britain and their allies will be at war with Iraq. We'll [Alliance Party] be cheering for our allies, and if the Liberals are going to be cheering for Saddam Hussein then they should have the guts to say so."

I invite readers to meditate upon this statement, to luxuriate in its crass fatuity. Here we have Canada’s Leader of the Opposition, on the eve of the American invasion of Iraq, implying—but lacking "the guts to say so"—that the Prime Minister and his government are cheering for America’s defeat.

Never mind that there isn’t the slightest evidence for this libel, does Harper have the slightest idea how damaging it would be to Canada’s interests if anyone bothered to take him seriously? Is this vicious smart aleck attempting to incite American reprisals against Canada?

Perhaps Harper believes that Canada is no longer a sovereign nation, that Canadians "must"—as historian Jack Granatstein argues—do whatever the Americans tell us. If this is the case, then he should have the guts to say so.

If Tony Blair is Dubya’s poodle, then Stephen Harper is a poodle wannabe. Fetch, boy. Sit. Roll over. Shake a paw. Good doggie.

Kevin Michael Grace, 3.43 a.m., March 18, 2003 [Link]
 

THE LOST ECLECTICAS III

Herewith the last lost Eclectica, January 20, 2003: the last Eclectica period. I have some fun with Michael Bliss, but, actually, I rather admire the man. It takes considerable courage for a University of Toronto professor to express such opinions, and his love of Canada—the real Canada, not Trudeau’s bastard creation—is never in doubt.

As we have seen, my second stint in production was not long-lived. Nor was the respite granted me by recycled published material. Time for some real blogging and to revise my CV and FAQ. Not looking forward to the latter, I'm afraid.


NOTHING TO BE DONE

Except for its more measured style, Michael Bliss’ December 9 National Post column bears an eerie resemblance to the sentiments normally expressed in the column you’re reading now. Canada is going to Hell in a handcart; every day and in every way, things are just getting worse and worse; all is vanity and vexation of spirit. Actually, the last is from the Book of Ecclesiastes, but you catch the drift.

Prof. Bliss warns,

If you want to see a real change of government in Canada in your lifetime, you're going to have to screw up your courage, swallow your reservations and vote for the Alliance in the next election. If you're not ready to do that, then you might as well stop gobbling and grumbling as the Liberals carve up you, your family and your country. You are getting and will get the government you deserve.

But doesn’t democracy mean the people getting the government they deserve?

Western Canadians have been not voting Liberal for a long time. Quebec will never vote Alliance. Nothing short of an intellectual revolution would induce Atlantic Canadians to vote Alliance. So when Prof. Bliss says "you," he means Ontario. And then only certain Ontarians. This is the fatal flaw in his argument: the assumption that a Canadian "national interest" exists. The East votes Liberal because it gets far more out of Confederation than it puts in. And Prof. Bliss has forgotten the Liberals’s other clients: ethnic minorities and single mothers. Why should they forfeit their advantages, especially as the Liberals have persuaded most of us that parasitism is the Canadian way?

A bitter Prof. Bliss concludes,

Our fallback position as Canadians is always to make jokes, to laugh about our country rather than weep for it. Eventually, though, you pay a huge price if you can't think of anything better than to keep on sending in the clowns.

He should keep in mind that some of us came to understand Liberal hegemony rather earlier than he did and that laughter is the only thing keeping us sane.

THE SINS OF THE FATHER

Not to worry. Maclean’s has found a Moses to lead us from our wilderness of spirit: Justin Trudeau, 31. As Jonathon Gatehouse explains in a December 23 cover story, Justin has big ideas. He defines "Canadian values" thus:

It's having medicare, having education, being peacekeepers, not having nukes in Canada.

Karl Marx said that history repeats itself, the first time as tragedy, the second as farce. One sees Canada’s farce, but what happened to our tragedy? Come on, Prof. Bliss, you’ve got to laugh.

SILVER LINING

Marx’s student Lenin advised revolutionaries to "accentuate the contradictions." In other words, things must get worse before they get better. Mark Steyn would seem to agree about the things getting worse part. He writes in the December 30 Post,

We will have Liberal government until the end of the decade, and, by that time, the damage to the country, as Mr. Bliss suggested, will be irreparable. Albertans in particular would be advised to consider this matter sooner rather than later.

Steyn’s conclusion appears, at first glance, as gloomy as Prof. Bliss’s.

A vote for Paul Martin, the man who ensured that Canadian families missed out on a decade of North American economic growth, is something a little more than a vote for the usual Liberal complacency, the usual moral preening on the sidelines, the usual free lunch in defence. This time round, it will be a vote for national catastrophe. In the year ahead, Chretien's countdown to oblivion is our countdown, too.

So the state will wither away, just as Marx said. Who says Eclectica is all vanity and vexation of spirit?

FIRST PERSON

This is my final Eclectica column, as I have returned to production duties at The Report. I should like to thank Lorne Gunter, who invented the column in 1994 and suggested I take it over when he left, Paul Bunner, who graciously allowed me to append my byline to it and did not complain as I transformed what had been a digest into a personal expression and Link Byfield, who protected it for eight years, even as subscriber wrath threatened to become rebellion.

To paraphrase my great hero, Auberon Waugh, if Eclectica was seen as a reflection of the national gloom, I hope it also had the effect of cheering us up.

Those suffering from an irresistible compulsion to read my opinions can always visit my "blog," the address of which is printed below.

Kevin Michael Grace, 11.15 a.m., March 16, 2003 [Link]
 

THE LOST ECLECTICAS II

The January 6 edition of my former column continues the seasonal theme. I hope soon to announce a more ambitious regular feature about books, a web column with a surprise (and surprising) collaborator.


BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS

The old problem with biographies was that one read the life stories of so many bad men. The new problem is that biographers have seen fit to more or less invent bad things about their subjects in order to make them more "interesting." Neither of these problems afflicts David Maraniss’s When Pride Still Mattered: A Life of Vince Lombardi. This is no mere sports biography; it is a great book about a great American.

Lombardi made the Green Bay Packers America’s team and football America’s game. Certainly, he was a wizard with the Xs and Os, but more important, he demonstrated how much greatness could be coaxed from men after they had been persuaded of their own potential. He began with himself, of course; a small man, even by 1930s standards, he became, almost by sheer force of will, one of Fordham University’s legendary "Seven Blocks of Granite."

Lombardi was not particularly loveable, and Maraniss doesn’t spare us the toll the pursuit of victory took on his family. This is not a book for children of any age; it is imbued with the tragic sense of life. Lombardi was a profoundly religious man, a thoroughly integrated Catholic. 

He did not invoke God or Jesus in his locker-room pep talks. In a sense, there was no need for that—the currents of sports and spirituality within him converged at a deeper point than mere rhetoric. The fundamental principles that he used in coaching—repetition, discipline, clarity, faith, subsuming individual ego to a larger good—were merely extensions of the religious ethic he learned from the Jesuits. In that sense, he made no distinction between the practice of religion and the sport of football.

Lombardi died only 32 years ago, but the America he represented, on the field as on Main Street, has largely vanished.

UNDER THE EYE OF ETERNITY

There is a tendency among critics to slight the novels of Muriel Spark, perhaps because they are free from histrionics, perhaps because they give so much pleasure. In reading her, however, one is reminded of Mencken’s comment on Beethoven, "The glory that was Greece...the grandeur that was Rome...a laugh." (Not that there are many laughs in Beethoven.) Her novels are concerned with no less than God and His creation, and none more enjoyably so than Loitering With Intent. Its heroine, Fleur Talbot, admits, 

I was aware of a demon inside me that rejoiced in seeing people as they were, and not only that, but more than ever as they were, and more, and more.

Loitering With Intent is, like all Spark’s novels, primarily concerned as well with the Devil and his creation—every one of her novels has blackmail as its subject. But it is also about joy, the joy of "being a woman and an artist in the middle of the 20th century," the joy of glimpsing the divine. This is a book that makes one glad to be alive.

A COLD EYE

Lombardi was born the son of an Italian immigrant at a time when the WASPs still ran America; Spark was born a Jew in Calvinist Scotland. It has become customary to bemoan the outsiders's fate, but they are often gifted with unusual perception. This attribute was doubly given to the late Shiva Naipaul, who, like his more famous brother, V.S. Naipaul, was a Hindu born in black Trinidad then translated into an Englishman. He was the most savage social critic of his day, with a particular loathing of identity politics and the other fatuities that so confound us. He introduces Journey to Nowhere: A New World Tragedy, his account of the Jonestown Massacre, with this withering assessment: 

The impression emerged of a culture overrun by taxonomists of all kinds, who, at a moment’s notice, could supply tidy printouts that would explain any event. The categories and labels were to hand…Within a month or two, the incident would be exhaustively indexed and quickly forgotten.

Naipaul went to the source of the disaster, San Francisco, and found the flip side of Vince Lombardi’s America: a land where identity is in constant flux, a people who would be as angels and have become as beasts.

HOME, SWEET HOME

Fatuity is also the theme of George and Weedon Grossmith’s The Diary of a Nobody—but to rather happier effect. Charles Pooter, a clerk of no great account in fin de siècle London, decides to keep a diary. He can never quite discern why everyone seems to be laughing at him. This is the funniest book ever written.

Kevin Michael Grace, 2.10 a.m., March 16, 2003 [Link]

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